Period
The Atlantic Space Within Globalization
Articles (76)
Les racines parisiennes de l’édition pornographique états-unienne
Jusqu'aux années 1950, Paris est un lieu de refuge et de production d’une littérature rejetée par la censure morale anglo-américaine. Ces œuvres traversent à nouveau l'Atlantique et assurent l'essor du marché du livre pornographique aux États-Unis au cours de la décennie suivante.
Nina Simone’s Soundscapes of Exile and Return
Analyzing songwriting, performances, and interviews, this essay explores Nina Simone as a transatlantic cultural figure through the themes of protest, exile, and Black womanhood. Tracing Simone’s movements across the Atlantic illuminates enduring questions of race, refuge, and cultural belonging that continue to shape Black diasporic life today.
Art autochtone et surréalisme : quatre sculptrices chiliennes à Paris
Les voyages transatlantiques de Santiago à Paris des sculptrices chiliennes María Teresa Pinto, Juana Müller, Lily Garafulic et Marta Colvin renouvellent notre compréhension des échanges artistiques modernistes, où la redécouverte de l'art précolombien s'articule à l'influence du surréalisme international.
Écrire l’histoire des femmes et de la photographie dans l’espace atlantique
Les femmes ont contribué à façonner l’histoire de la photographie et de ses circulations transatlantiques depuis les débuts du medium. Écrire cette histoire du point de vue des femmes invite à déplacer notre regard et nos cadres de lecture pour mettre en lumière leurs rôles de passeuses à la croisée des scènes culturelles.
Sarah Maldoror
Sarah Ducados, known as Sarah Maldoror, is considered to be the first black woman to make cinema in Africa, in the 1960s. Her famous movie , Sambizanga (1972), is based on the Luandino Vieira´s novel on Angola´s independence war.
East Berlin‒Havana‒Maputo: Triangular Cultural Diplomacy between Socialist “Brother Countries” (1970–1990)
The cultural exchange policies put in place from the 1970s through the 1980s between Cuba, the GDR et certain African countries reveal a nuanced mapping of the socialist camp in the last decades of the Cold War.
The Creole Atlantic
How can cultural exchanges across the Atlantic be theorized outside of Gilroy’s Black Atlantic heuristic, especially when looking at cultural practices developing in Africa? The idea of a Creole Atlantic allows for including South-South connections and situating a redefined, creolized Africa at the core of the Atlantic paradigm.
Musical Dialogues between Cuba and West Africa in the Cold War
In the middle of the 1960s in Cuba, young Malian musicians created the band Las Maravillas de Mali. The essay explores the political and musical transatlantic dialogues between Malian and Cuban musicians in the light of the cultural diplomatic exchanges initiated between Cuba and newly independent socialist African countries within the Cold War.
American Studies: the Cultural Branch of U.S. Empire?
American Studies was meant to emancipate U.S. culture from its British tutelage. It became a tool of cultural diplomacy after World War II, at a time when “area studies” were supported by the U.S. government as part of the Cultural Cold War. Franco’s Spain illustrates some of the limitations of this strategy.
The Transatlantic Voyages of Chris Marker
This article studies transatlantic networks established by film director Chris Marker. Whereas it seems not possible to restrict him to the label of ‘Transatlantic filmmaker,’ it can be said that some of the most solid bridges he created in his trajectory crossed this ocean, especially with regards to his interest in 1960s and 1970s Latin America.
Pelé and the World
From the late 1950s to the late 1970s, Pelé was the leading figure in football, a sport that historically developed in Europe and Latin America. He aroused enthusiasm, elicited self-identification in Africa and promoted soccer in the United States.
Ruy Guerra, the ‘Travelling Filmmaker’
Ruy Guerra (RG) was born on 22/08/1931 in Lourenço Marques (now Maputo), capital of the Portuguese colony of Mozambique on the shores of the Indian Ocean. He is seen as a ‘citizen of the world’ due to his experience and his cultural production in various countries in three continents around the Atlantic.
Anni Albers ou les textiles modernes entre deux continents
L'exil d'Anni Albers (1899-1994) – artiste, designer textile et éducatrice - aux États-Unis en 1933 transforme sa pratique textile, des créations industrielles du Bauhaus vers les tissages picturaux du Black Mountain College. Son parcours transatlantique redéfinit les hiérarchies artistiques et influence le développement du Fiber Art.
Los Nuevos Cines
Usamos el concepto de “nuevos cines” para abordar un proceso que va desde mediados de los años cincuenta hasta mediados de los años setenta. Quizás aquello que todas tienen en común es lo que Francesco Casetti llama un “sentimiento de novedad”, una voluntad de romper con las formas tradicionales de concebir y producir el cine.
US Cultural Diplomacy
The Cold War was the heyday of state-orchestrated cultural diplomacy in the U.S., at a time when many officials and observers sought to counter widespread expressions of anti-Americanism abroad. In recent decades, the U.S. has chosen to outsource cultural influence to the private sector, and de-emphasized its importance as a policy instrument.
Pan Americanism
The US-led Pan American Union, created in 1890, is generally understood as a form of soft power serving Washington’s interests abroad. Until the end of WWII, it also meant educating US citizens about their new hemispheric responsibilities by promoting Latin American culture, through scientific cooperation, language teaching, art and literature.
“C’era un Ragazzo...Era un muchacho...Era um garoto...”: uma balada pop italiana e seus ecos atlânticos
“C’era un ragazzo che come me amava i Beatles e i Rolling Stones” gravada originalmente em italiano, em 1967, por Gianni Morandi, foi apropriada em vários contextos culturais e nacionais ao representar um “tipo ideal” de juventude e uma forma de protesto político moderado e humanista, contra a Guerra do Vietnã. Porém, nunca foi gravada em inglês...
Le revival de la musique bretonne : une déclinaison locale des contre-cultures américaines
Au tournant des années des années 1960 et 1970, un mouvement revivaliste a produit en Bretagne ce que l’on a qualifié de « folk song breton », de « progressive folk breton », de « folk celtique » ou encore de « Celtic pop music », en quoi l'on peut voir une déclinaison locale de la contre-culture américaine.
Levitt-villes in France
In 1965, William Levitt, America’s largest home builder and creator of the famous Levittowns, constructed a “new village” in the suburbs of Paris. He built 500 houses in Le Mesnil-Saint-Denis, whose mayor wanted to create an alternative to the grands ensembles he hated. It was a huge success and the first of several Levitt-villes en France.
Saint-Dié-des-Vosges, marraine de l’Amérique ?
C’est dans la ville lorraine de Saint-Dié-des-Vosges, en France, que le mot America fut édité pour la première fois en 1507. Après trois siècles d’oubli, ce fait est progressivement remis en lumière au cours du XIXe siècle, incitant Saint-Dié à s’autoproclamer la « marraine de l’Amérique » et à tenter de mettre en place des liens transatlantiques.
Modernist Photography in Mexico: Modotti’s Letter
Photography reinvented itself in Mexico between the two World Wars, through numerous exchanges between foreign and national artists and writers. This “Mexican moment” of photographic modernism was shaped by left-wing politics, ideas of Mexicanidad spreading at home and abroad, and the emergence of documentary forms.
Le théâtre communautaire argentin : réseaux et circulations
Le mouvement du théâtre communautaire argentin, né dans les années 1980, est aujourd’hui une référence internationale. Cet article examine la manière dont il s’est développé, au sein de réseaux latino-américains et euro-américains, en suivant la trajectoire de deux de ses promoteurs et en explorant son implantation en Espagne.
Solitude, du roman au musée : l’œuvre mémorielle d’André Schwarz-Bart
Figure légendaire de l’histoire antillaise et de l’univers des plantations, Solitude, l’héroïne du roman d’André Schwarz-Bart assassinée par des Français, incarne le droit à la liberté et à l’égalité. Deux statues et un jardin lui sont dédiés. Mais, au musée de l’esclavage en Guadeloupe, Solitude et André Schwarz-Bart sont oubliés.
Photographic Agencies
Photographic agencies developed at the beginning of the 20th century in the context of a rise of illustrated magazines. They operated at an international level, selling images around the world and establishing contacts with partnering agencies on both sides of the Atlantic.
Curating the Black Atlantic: An Overview of Exhibitions, 1989-2022
As the follow-on from a class project, this article presents a critical history of art exhibitions on the Black Atlantic between 1989 and 2022. Four common curatorial themes are identified: in-situ resonance; space as structuring motif; the medium of portraiture as a prominent artistic genre; and a negation of the visual.
Transatlântico
Mesmo em um cenário historiográfico dominado por olhares globais, o interesse no Atlântico persiste – talvez porque disputas do presente sigam ressignificando travessias oceânicas passadas
The “Sensation” Exhibition (London 1997-New York 2000): Public Scandals, Private Funding
When the “Sensation” exhibition travelled from London to New York in 1999, it seemed as though young British artists were taking the United States by storm. In fact, the event confirmed the Americanization of art funding systems in the United Kingdom.
From Public Schools to the Pampas: Elements for an Atlantic History of Rugby
Created at around the same time as football/soccer, rugby spread out from England along the pathways of British cultural imperialism. However, it met with a cooler reception than football on both sides of the Atlantic.
Johnny Weissmuller
From swimming pools (five Olympic gold medals) to Hollywood, including his appearance in Tarzan, Johnny Weissmuller (1904-1984) became the symbol of America and a transatlantic cultural icon in the inter-war years.
L’Alliance française sur le continent américain
Tournée vers le continent américain dès son origine, l’Alliance française développa ses propres établissements dans les années 1940, en s’appuyant sur des fonctionnaires du ministère de l’Éducation nationale. Ces dernières décennies, son action a adopté une perspective plus nettement interculturelle.
L’orientalisme hispano-américain
L’orientalisme hispano-américain est une dimension de la production littéraire hispanique depuis 1810. Il est tributaire, mais aussi autonome du large corpus orientaliste européen des XIXe et XXe siècles. Dans cette production, l’Orient intègre l’Afrique musulmane, le Proche et le Moyen Orient, l’Inde et l’Asie de l’Est.
The 1972 Olympics Basketball Final between the Soviet Union and the United States
The game marked a turning point in the sport’s history on both sides of the Atlantic. Due to linguistic misunderstandings between the American players, the Soviet coaches and the Brazilian referee, the sport spoke a little less English after 1972.
La Maison de l’Afrique à la Cité internationale universitaire de Paris
Créée au sortir de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, la Maison de la France d’Outre-mer, devenue Maison de l’Afrique puis Résidence Lucien Paye au sein de la Cité internationale universitaire de Paris, constitue un formidable observatoire des circulations étudiantes et politiques entre la France et ses anciennes colonies africaines.
Off Theater
This article traces the transatlantic movements of the idea of alternative theater from the 1940s to today.
Octavio Paz
If there is one Latin-American writer who embodies the fertility of intellectual and aesthetic exchanges between his country, Europe and other parts of the world, it is Mexico’s Octavio Paz (1914-1998), who bore witness to the 20th century’s turmoil as an engaged spectator, poet, critic, magazine founder and awakener of ideas.
Une géographie sociale et culturelle du baseball
La diffusion du baseball hors du pays qui l’a vu naître peut paraître assez déroutante: très faible dans les pays européens, elle est massive dans la zone caraïbe et une partie de l’Amérique latine.
Maradona: ídolo local, héroe global
Maradona es probablemente el personaje más importante de la cultura popular argentina entre finales del siglo XX y comienzos del XXI. A la vez, contemporáneo de la constitución del fútbol como mayor mercancía cultural del espectáculo global desde finales del siglo pasado, puede ser considerado la primera estrella global del espectáculo deportivo.
Presse en langue étrangère
La presse en langue étrangère, publiée d'un côté comme de l'autre de l'Atlantique, a joué un rôle dynamique au cours des XIXe et XXe siècles, dans la mise en circulation de textes littéraires, d'idées, d'avancées scientifiques et techniques, de modes, de modèles éditoriaux et, même, de pratiques commerciales.
Francophonie: A Historical Word, A Contemporary Idea
The word Francophonie was created at the end of the 19th century in the context of French colonization. Its meanings are many and have evolved over time. This article aims to capture both the history of this word, and the present condition of a concept that is today embraced by some and rejected by others on all sides of the Atlantic.
Spas
In the eighteenth century, natural mineral springs spurred the emergence of tourism and played a strategic role on both sides of the Atlantic. Practices, travelers and development models circulated and changed depending on the place. Medical advances caused trajectories to diverge in the twentieth century.
Theater of the Oppressed: Intercontinental Trajectories
From its 1950s roots in Brazil to its proliferation around the world, the history of Theatre of the Oppressed has been about artistic, political and human exchanges. This article analyzes the movements that fostered the development of a trailblazing theatrical practice in Latin America and Europe that can now be found on every continent.
Fonografia digital e circulação musical transatlântica
O artigo apresenta os principais processos envolvidos na produção e circulação da música gravada promovidos pela tecnologia digital em geral e no mundo transatlântico.
The Photo Novel: a Latin Genre
From 1947 to 1968, the long-scorned photo novel was one of Europe and Latin America’s most popular media formats. This article looks at the genre’s diversity, its outward spread from Italy and the ideological and aesthetic reasons for which it was rejected.
Instituto Cubano del Arte e Indústria Cinematográficos
ICAIC was the first cultural body created in Cuba after the Revolution in accordance with Law 169, dated 24 March 1959.
O imaginário revolucionário no cinema de Santiago Álvarez Román
Santiago Álvarez Román (1919-1998) foi um cineasta cubano, diretor dos Noticieros ICAIC, cinejornal oficial da ilha caribenha pós-revolução, que desenvolveu uma inventiva e persuasiva narrativa documentária ao registrar personagens, situações e eventos da realidade político-social nacional e internacional dos anos 1960 aos anos 1990.
The Rumble in the Jungle: Muhammed Ali versus George Foreman (October 30, 1974)
The Muhammed Ali-George Foreman match for the world heavyweight title in Kinshasa was a “Black happening”. It was broadcast live at a time when the aspirations of the African-American sports and artistic elites and the hopes born of independence converged.
Boxing
Boxing is a major modern sport. Codified in England at the end of the eighteenth century, it became a privileged space of symbolic confrontation of races and nations, dominated by a virile image of manhood. It participated in the regulation of violence, to the detriment of other martial practices in Africa and Europe.
Reimagining Todd Webb’s Photographs of 1958 Colonial Africa
This paper charts the path of Todd Webb’s 1958 U.N.-commissioned photographs of colonial Africa across oceans and continents, creating cross-cultural collaborations, resulting in their recent reinterpretation by authors from the African continent and their installation at the National Museum of Tanzania.
Periodizing the Atlantic
A major challenge for the Transatlantic Cultures project has been creating a historical periodization that would explain not only shifting overarching systems of interchange throughout the Atlantic since the end of the 18th century, but also transformations and disruptions specific to places within this space.
Maracatus transatlânticos
Grupos típicos de Pernambuco, Brasil, os maracatus expressam através de música, dança e rituais, antigas conexões com a África e os reis negros do período escravista. No século XX, os maracatus passaram a se apresentar no carnaval de Recife e Olinda, e no século XXI vêm se difundindo, como prática de músicos amadores, no Brasil e além-mar.
Artistic Education and Artist Training
The Atlantic is the setting for many exchanges in the education of artists, especially painters. Since the colonial period mentors and teachers, art students, journals, books, and textbooks have been exchanged, principally between Europe on one side and the Americas and Africa on the other.
Amália Rodrigues in Africa
Amália Rodrigues (1920-1999) was responsible for the popularization of fado in her own country and in the Portuguese colonies. The article approaches the relationship between the singer and the Salazar´s dictatorship, as well as the complex meanings of the reception of her songs in the colonial world.
Bossa Nova & Latin Jazz
The article investigates the phenomenon of Bossa Nova, its most relevant aesthetic traces and the social environment of its creators and supporters, emphasizing its relationships with notions of modernity and tradition. In this sense, it analyses the interactions and translations Bossa Nova has had throughout its circulation.
Comics in Newspapers, Magazines and Books: a Transatlantic Panorama
An overview of the history of comics from a transatlantic perspective. It is focused on the cultural forms of publication, circulation and appropriation of comics and their political implications. The entry goes from comic strips, comic books, underground comics to contemporary graphic novels.
Cycling Across the Atlantic: A discussion of cycling culture in the Atlantic Region
Cycling has gone through standardization and modernization processes that have functionally brought together a broad set of cultures and practices around the bicycle. What this article will demonstrate is that the interaction of Atlantic nations, people, and institutions has been central for the advancement of the sport of cycling globally.
Disaster and Progress in Cultural Representations of the Titanic
This essay traces the cultural legacy of the Titanic disaster in 1912 in literature, art, cinema, and music.
Fernando Ortiz and the Transatlantic Exchange Network
Fernando Ortiz´s pioneering work established the foundations for the study of the black population in Cuba, above all in the field of history and culture.
Franklin Book Programs: The Cold War and US Cultural Imperialism
Franklin Book Programs was a non-governmental US program aimed at stimulating the publishing market and reading practices during the Cold War. In different ways, Africa and Latin America were envisaged by the program.
Gilberto Freyre and the Geopolitics of Race: the Transatlantic Circulation of Casa-grande & senzala
How did Casa-grande & senzala , Gilberto Freyre's main work, navigate between different scenarios and interact with expectations, desires and dilemmas of international geopolitics and culture? This text analyzes its reception on both sides of the Atlantic: from the USA to France, as well as Portugal, Guinea and Cape Verde.
Glauber Rocha
A dimensão transatlântica do projeto estético do cineasta brasileiro Glauber Rocha será discutida a partir de três aspectos: 1) Sua experiência biográfica; 2) O universo dramatúrgico e narrativo de seus filmes; 3) Os esquemas iconográficos do seu cinema.
South Atlantic
South Atlantic is approached as a space of circulation over three distinct periods. The first begins in 1500, when the Portuguese Admiral Álvares Cabral reached the South American coast. This period ends with the end of the bilateral slave trade between Brazil and Africa (1850). The independence of African nations started a third period.
La réception française de la pensée de Dewey dans le champ éducatif
La pensée éducative de John Dewey a connu une réception contrastée au cours du siècle qui s’est écoulé depuis sa prime apparition dans l’espace hexagonal. Entre traductions, appropriations, rejets et parfois incompréhension, il s’agit ici de retracer les grandes lignes qui jalonnent la circulation transatlantique de ses idées.
Yiddish: Language, Culture and Memory from the late 19th century to the present
From the late 19th century, the Yiddish language and culture had an intensely transatlantic moment made possible by the rich cultural circulation between the original home of the lingua franca of Central and Eastern European Jews and Western Eu-rope, the Americas and other parts of the world.
Transatlantic Authors in European Publishing after 1945
This article on the circulation of books in the transatlantic space starts with a historically datable observation: the lopsided exchanges between European countries and their colonies in the 19th century. When Europe discovered the richness of African and Latin American literatures, the balance became more equal, especially after 1945.
Nueva Canción
During the 1940s and 1950s, the arts became a symbolic battlefield and ‘folklore’ was understood as a place of resistance to the domination of foreign imperialism. Nueva Canción was born in this envoirenment.
Orson Welles, Citizen of the World
Orson Welles was born in 1915 in Kenosha, Wisconsin, but he often told interviewers that he was “conceived” in either Paris or Rio. This essay examines the different aspect of his career, in the USA, Latin America and Europe, focusing on transatlantic and Pan American exchanges.
Paulin Soumanou Vieyra
Paulin Soumanou Vieyra (1925-1987) nasceu em Porto Novo (Benin). Estudou no Institut des hautes études cinématographiques (IDHEC) em Paris. Sua biografia e cinematografia revelam a trajetória de um cineasta da diáspora africana inspirado pelo movimento da Negritude e cujos filmes integram o patrimônio cultural do Atlântico negro.
Revista Cine Cubano
A revista Cine Cubano, criada em 1960, promoveu por mais de quatro décadas a circulação de notícias e resenhas sobre o cinema latino-americano e sua difusão no mundo todo. Registrou produções e visitas de cineastas a Cuba, festivais internacionais e importantes debates envolvendo filmes, realizadores e o papel do cinema na sociedade contemporânea.
Robinson Crusoe
In 1719, Daniel Defoe published The Life and Adventures of Robinson Crusoe. The story and the circulation of the book are an extraordinary example of the transatlantic dimension of the text.
The American Century
In 1941, the influential publisher Henry Luce declared the century “American.” The United States’ new role was to redefine the world order, and this mission relied not only upon military power but also upon prestige and culture. To a large extent, this “universal” America was shaped by a historical and geographical construction of the Atlantic.
Transatlantic Cartographies of Popular Music in the Americas
Popular music is frequently analyzed through national ‘musical genres,’ consecrated through specific aesthetic and socio-cultural conventions, and usually formed over various decades. The historiography of music has been problematizing this approach based on a national focus. This article try to map this debate.
United States Information Agency
En 1953, la guerre froide pousse le président Eisenhower à créer une agence indépendante du Département d’État, l’USIA (United States Information Agency), qui orchestre les stratégies d’influence des États-Unis jusqu’en 1999. Des pratiques de cette agence naît le concept de diplomatie publique, théorisé par Edmund Gullion en 1965.
Literary Agents
Over the course of the 20th century, literary agents have maintained an important role in the transatlantic circulation of texts. As both economic and cultural negotiators, these men and women are at the heart of the transnational cultural history of printed material.
Gilberto Gil
“I knew that music would be my language and that I would discover the world through it.” From the Tropicália movement to his collaboration with Jimmy Cliff, famous Brazilian composer, singer and guitarist Gilberto Gil has been an important cultural broker. His trajectory captures the range of musical genres of the Atlantic world.
Susan Sontag: uma intelectual pública
Judia, Susan Sontag nasceu em New York, estudou literatura, filosofia e teologia em renomadas universidades, como as universidades de Berkeley, Chicago e Sorbonne. Como escritora e ativista, abalou circuitos culturais e políticos de sua época com sua crítica.
Makossa
Born in Douala in the 1950s, and strongly influenced by Ghanaian highlife music, Congolese rumba and Latin-American rhythms, Makossa made its mark in France and the United States in the 1970s, in the wake of soul and disco, clearing the way for a number of transfers and appropriations.